Professor MacKenzie approaches botulinum toxin treatment with surgical-level anatomical knowledge—understanding muscle fibre characteristics, nerve distribution, and facial dynamics at a depth most aesthetic practitioners never achieve.
Botulinum toxin relaxes small areas of muscle around each precisely placed injection site. This leads to a reduction in wrinkles in treated areas and can improve asymmetry and drooping of, e.g., the eyebrows or mouth corners. It reduces sweating and is a very effective treatment for areas which produce too much sweat. Teeth grinding (bruxism) can be treated by injecting the chewing muscles, and many people with headaches find they suffer far less after toxin treatment.
Treatment protocols are designed individually:
Facial muscle mapping — Identifying which muscle groups create unwanted lines, how they interact, and where hyperactivity undermines appearance.
Dosage calculation and strategic placement — Determining precise units based on muscle mass, fibre density, and desired correction—not following template protocols.
Product selection — Choosing between botulinum preparations (Botox®, Bocouture®, Nuceiva®, Azzalure®, Relfydess ®) based on diffusion characteristics and treatment area requirements.
What can it be used for?
AESTHETIC
Glabellar lines (frown), forehead lines, lateral canthal lines (crow's feet), perioral lines, brow position adjustment, facial contouring, pebbly chin, downturned mouth, platysmal neck bands
FUNCTIONAL
Masseter reduction (jaw slimming, bruxism management), hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), chronic migraine management, gummy smile correction, asymmetry e.g. after Bell’s palsy or stroke.
WHAT TO EXPECT
Initial reduction in muscle movement at 5-8 days post-treatment, with maximum effect at 2 weeks.
Results
3-5 months depending on area, dosage, and individual metabolism—extended through systemic optimisation protocols.
DURATION
Tiny needles, optional topical numbing for highly needle-sensitive patients
COMFORT
Stage 1
Redness appears occasionally and is often triggered by hot drinks, spicy food, or exercise.
Stage 2
Redness becomes more consistent. Small visible blood vessels (telangiectasia) may appear.
Stage 3
Acne-like breakouts begin, without blackheads. Skin may feel sore or sensitive.
Stage 4
Skin may thicken, particularly around the nose (rhinophyma).
Stage 5
In rare cases, severe rosacea - called phymatous rosacea - can lead to the development of rhinophyma - a bulbous enlargement of the nose, most common in men. Rosacea can also be ocular when it is located on the eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea, manifesting itself as red, watery and very dry eyes.
Diferentes etapas de la rosácea:
